293.
Catherine H Bozio, Kristen Butterfield, etc.,
Relative Risks of COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes by Age and Race/Ethnicity—March 2020–March 2021, 2022.10.05,
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/10/ofac376/6748239 .
Limited data exist on population-based risks and risk ratios (RRs) of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes stratified by age and race/ethnicity. Using data from electronic health records and claims from 4 US health systems for the period March 2020-March 2021, we calculated risk and RR by age and race/ethnicity for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes among adults. During the first year of the US COVID-19 pandemic in this cohort, older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults had the highest relative risks of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and adverse outcomes and, among those with select underlying conditions, the highest occurrences of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions.
292.
Mark J Siedner, Christopher Alba, etc.,
Cost-effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2022.06.13,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/11/1887/6606162 .
Despite the advent of safe and effective coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, pervasive inequities in global vaccination persist. We projected health benefits and donor costs of delivering vaccines for up to 60% of the population in 91 low- and middle-income countries. Funding expanded COVID-19 vaccine delivery in LMICs would save hundreds of thousands of lives, be similarly or more cost-effective than other donor-funded global aid programs, and improve health equity.
291.
Dan-Yu Lin, Donglin Zeng, etc.,
Reliably Assessing Duration of Protection for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines, 2022.04.21,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/11/1863/6571630 .
Decision making about vaccination and boosting schedules for COVID-19 hinges on reliable methods for evaluating the longevity of vaccine protection. We show that modeling of protection as a piecewise linear function of time since vaccination for the log hazard ratio of the vaccine effect provides more reliable estimates of vaccine effectiveness at the end of an observation period and also detects plateaus in protective effectiveness more reliably than the standard method of estimating a constant vaccine effect over each time period.
290.
Ida Laake, Siri N Skodvin, etc.,
Effectiveness of mRNA Booster Vaccination Against Mild, Moderate, and Severe COVID-19 Caused by the Omicron Variant in a Large, Population-Based, Norwegian Cohort, 2022.10.19,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/11/1924/6763324 .
10.Understanding how booster vaccination can prevent moderate and severe illness without hospitalization is crucial to evaluate the full advantage of mRNA boosters. This is the first population-based study to evaluate booster effectiveness against self-reported mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Our findings contribute valuable information on duration of protection and thus timing of additional booster vaccinations.
289.
Alexandra M Mellis, Jennifer K Meece, etc.,
SARS-CoV-2 Virus Dynamics in Recently Infected People—Data From a Household Transmission Study, 2022.05.05,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/10/1699/6580687 .
We used daily real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from 67 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a household transmission study, conducted April 2020–May 2021, to examine the trajectory of cycle threshold (Ct) values, an inverse correlate of viral RNA concentration. Ct values varied across RT-PCR platforms and by participant age. Specimens collected from children and adolescents had higher Ct values and adults aged ≥50 years showed lower Ct values than adults aged 18–49 years. Ct values were lower on days when participants reported experiencing symptoms, with the lowest Ct value occurring 2–6 days after symptom onset.
288.
Cas LeMaster, Eric S Geanes, etc.,
Vaccination After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Increased Antibody Avidity Against the Omicron Variant Compared to Vaccination Alone, 2022.06.18,
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/10/1712/6609994 .
This study showed a decrease in binding and surrogate neutralizing antibody responses to the Omicron variant after 2 doses of the Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Individuals recovered from infection before vaccination had higher antibody levels and avidity to the Omicron variant compared to individuals vaccinated without infection. This suggested that COVID-19 infection before vaccination elicited a higher magnitude and affinity antibody response to the Omicron variant, and repeated exposure through infection or vaccine may be required to improve immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
287.
Naomi Wilson, Shari McDaid, etc.,
European public mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2022.11.21,
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckac169/6835789?searchresult=1 .
7.Countries were not prepared to respond and people with existing vulnerabilities were often neglected in response planning. To be prepared for future pandemics and environmental disasters Public Mental Health preparedness plans are highly needed. These must be developed cross-departmentally, and through the meaningful inclusion of vulnerable groups.
286.
Giacomo De Giorgi, Pascal Geldsetzer, etc.,
The impact of face-mask mandates on all-cause mortality in Switzerland: a quasi-experimental study, 2022.09.10,
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/32/5/818/6695430#375429977 .
Whereas there is strong evidence that wearing a face mask is effective in reducing the spread of the severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2, evidence on the impact of mandating the wearing of face masks on deaths from COVID-19 and all-cause mortality is more sparse and likely to vary by context. Mandating face-mask use in public indoor spaces in Switzerland in mid-to-late 2020 does not appear to have resulted in large reductions in all-cause mortality in the short term. There is some suggestion that combining face-mask mandates with social distancing rules reduced all-cause mortality.
285.
Florence Débarre, Emmanuel Lecoeur, etc.,
The French Covid-19 vaccination policy did not solve vaccination inequities: a nationwide study on 64.5 million people, 2022.09.14,
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/32/5/825/6697909 .
To encourage Covid-19 vaccination, France introduced during the Summer 2021 a ‘Sanitary Pass’, which morphed into a ‘Vaccine Pass’ in early 2022. Our analysis reveals that factors related to poverty, immigration and trust in the government are strong determinants of vaccination rate, and that vaccination inequities tended to increase after the introduction of the French sanitary and vaccination passes.
284.
Hsueh-Fen Chen, Saleema A Karim,
Relationship between political partisanship and COVID-19 deaths: future implications for public health, 2021.04.29,
https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/44/3/716/6257745?searchresult=1 .
In the USA, the response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been politically polarized. When compared with Republican counties, COVID-19 death rates in Democratic counties were significantly higher (IRRs ranged from 2.0 to 18.3, P < 0.001) in Time 1–Time 5, but in Time 9–Time10, were significantly lower (IRRs ranged from 0.43 to 0.69, P < 0.001). The findings support the necessity of evidence-based public health leadership and management in maneuvering the USA out of the current COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for future public health crises.
Beijing Interest Group on Global Health and Global Governance
Contact: secretary@bigghgg.cn