243.
Roberto Hincapie, PhD, Diego Munoz, etc.,
Effect of Flight Connectivity on Introduction and Evolution of COVID-19 in Canadian Cities, 2022.08.30,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taac100 .
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health services and governments in Canada and around the world. The research aims to evaluate the effect of domestic and international air travel patterns on the COVID-19 pandemic in Canadian provinces and territories. The results show a clear decline in passenger volumes from March 2020 due to public health policies, interventions, and other measures taken to limit or control the spread of COVID-19. Historical travel information is important for public health planning and pandemic resource allocation.
242.
Diego Forni, Cristian Molteni, etc.,
Geographic Structuring and Divergence Time Frame of Monkeypox Virus in the Endemic Region, 2022.07.14,
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac298 .
Monkeypox is an emerging zoonosis endemic to Central and West Africa. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is genetically structured in 2 major clades (clades 1 and 2/3), but its evolution is poorly explored. The thesis retrieved MPXV genomes from public repositories and analyzed geographic patterns using STRUCTURE. Molecular dating was performed using a using a Bayesian approach. The thesis drew the conclusion that the distinct histories of the 2 clades may derive from differences in MPXV ecology in West and Central Africa.
241.
Boghuma K Titanji, Bryan Tegomoh, etc.,
Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals, 2022.06.23,
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac310 .
The ongoing 2022 multicountry outbreak of monkeypox is the largest in history to occur outside of Africa. The article presents in this review an updated overview of monkeypox for healthcare professionals in the context of the ongoing outbreaks around the world.
240.
Christopher Robertson,
What the harm principle says about vaccination and healthcare rationing, 2022.06.25,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsac017 .
Clinical ethicists hold near consensus on the view that healthcare should be provided regardless of patients’ past behaviors. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic suggests the possible recurrence of a very different situation, where a foreseeable acute shortage of healthcare resources means that some cannot be helped. And that shortage is exacerbated by the discrete decision of some to decline a free, safe, and highly effective vaccine, where the facts are clear. In such a future case, if healthcare must be denied to some patients, rationers who ignore vaccination status will become complicit in externalizing the consequences of refusing vaccination onto those who did not refuse.
240.
Christopher Robertson,
What the harm principle says about vaccination and healthcare rationing, 2022.06.25,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsac017 .
Clinical ethicists hold near consensus on the view that healthcare should be provided regardless of patients’ past behaviors. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic suggests the possible recurrence of a very different situation, where a foreseeable acute shortage of healthcare resources means that some cannot be helped. And that shortage is exacerbated by the discrete decision of some to decline a free, safe, and highly effective vaccine, where the facts are clear. In such a future case, if healthcare must be denied to some patients, rationers who ignore vaccination status will become complicit in externalizing the consequences of refusing vaccination onto those who did not refuse.
239.
Clayton Ó Néill,
‘This is no country for old (wo)men’? An examination of the approach taken to care home residents during the Covid-19 pandemic, 2022.07.21,
https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwac023 .
This article discusses the human rights of residents in care homes in England who were affected by restrictions that were imposed during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to safeguard health and life at a time of public health emergency. The article questions whether the restrictions that were applied were justified, given the limitations that exist within some ECHR Articles. It deliberates upon what can be done to ensure that relevant bodies and care homes are better enabled to respond to a public health emergency in an individualistic, rights-based manner.
238.
Caroline A B Redhead, Sara Fovargue, etc.,
Relationships, Rights, and Responsibilities: (Re)viewing the NHS Constitution for the post-pandemic ‘new normal’, 2022.08.25,
https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwac028 .
The article reviews the NHS Constitution from a relational perspective and suggesting that it offers a useful starting point for such a project, but that new ways of thinking are required to accommodate the significant changes the pandemic has made to the fabric of the NHS. These new ways of thinking should encompass concepts of solidarity, care, and (reciprocal) responsibility. The article argues that the NHS Constitution can be used as a tool to engage people, and to catalyse conversation about how their responsibilities as NHS stakeholders should change in the post-pandemic ‘new normal’.
237.
Daniel Béland, Alex Jingwei He, M Ramesh,
COVID-19, crisis responses, and public policies: from the persistence of inequalities to the importance of policy design, 2022.05.18,
https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac021 .
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has once again highlighted the importance of social inequalities during major crises, a reality that has clear implications for public policy. This introductory article on COVID-19, inequalities, and public policies provides an overview of the nexus between crisis and inequality before exploring its importance for the study of policy stability and change, with a particular focus on policy design. It stresses the persistence of inequalities during major crises before exploring how the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to focus on these inequalities when the time comes to design policies in response to such crises.
236.
Cong Wang, Jimin Wang,
Ethnolinguistic diversity and the spread of communicable diseases: a cross-country study on the COVID-19 pandemic, 2022.08.24,
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac082 .
Motivated by the varying effectiveness of government intervention policies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential positive relationship between ethnolinguistic diversity and social distance, this paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between ethnolinguistic diversity and the spread of COVID-19. The thesis has found a significant negative effect of ethnolinguistic diversity on the spread of the virus. The result is robust to alternative measures of ethnolinguistic diversity and estimator that addresses endogeneity. Moreover, the thesis also shows that the impact of ethnolinguistic diversity on the spread of COVID-19 differs in economies characterized by different levels of democracy, policy stringency on addressing COVID-19 and health expenditure.
235.
Alessia VerduriMD, Roxanna Short, etc.,
Comparison between first and second wave of COVID-19 outbreak in older people. The COPE multicentre European observational cohort study, 2022.08.23,
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac108 .
Effective shielding measures and virus mutations have progressively modified the disease between the waves, likewise health care systems have adapted to the outbreak. The thesis compares clinical outcomes for older people with COVID-19 in Wave 1 (W1) and 2 (W2). The thesis concludes that COVID-19 older adults in W2 were less likely to die than during W1. Patients presented to hospital during W2 were less frail and with lower disease severity and less likely to have renal decline.
Beijing Interest Group on Global Health and Global Governance
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